diabetes-mellitus-type 2 -i : Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Prevention

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 (DM2), earlier known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes. This is the most common form of diabetes, and is strongly associated with genetic tendency and obesity. The body produces normal or even high levels of insulin, but certain factors make its utilization ineffective ("insulin resistance"). Sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy dietary patterns, and the consequent obesity are common causes of Type 2 Diabetes . It usually starts in adulthood, but is beginning to be seen in obese adolescents also. 

What are the symptoms?

• Increased thirst
• frequent urination
• Extreme tiredness
• Weight loss
• Blurred vision
• Genital itching or regular episodes UTI
• Slow-healing sores or frequent infections
• Excessive hunger

What is the treatment?

Type 2 diabetes is initially treated with weight reduction, diet control and regular exercises. When these measures fail to control the blood sugar levels, oral medicines are used. Sulphonylureas are a group of drugs that stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas. Metformin reduces insulin resistance, and the production of glucose by the liver. Thiazolidenediones also increase insulin efficiency and sensitivity. Acarbose delays the absorption of glucose by the intestines. When the action of oral drugs is insufficient, insulin injections are added.

What is the home-care treatment?

Type II diabetes can be treated with diet and exercise alone, or these with medicines (oral hypoglycemic agents) and/or insulin. People with type II diabetes may also be overweight. Weight loss and regular exercise may reduce the blood sugar, need for medication and enable your body to use insulin better.

For type II clients with high morning blood sugars, exercising in the evening (after four p.m.) may help; it is thought that the evening activity may stop your liver from producing excess sugar during the night.