CSN-CommunityPost-Check the treatment of dry mouth

Treatment for dry mouth depends on several factors such as whether the patient has an underlying condition or disease, or is taking certain medications that may be causing dry mouth. If an underlying cause is found, steps need to be taken to minimize its effect.

Medications: If the dry mouth is thought to be caused by a particular medication, the doctor will either alter the dosage or prescribe another drug which is less likely to cause dry mouth.

Stimulating saliva production: Medication may be prescribed to stimulate the production of saliva, such as pilocarpine (Salagen) or cevimeline (Evoxac).

Experts say that symptomatic treatment for dry mouth typically includes four areas:

• increasing the flow of saliva
• replacing lost secretions
• controlling dental caries
• specific measures, such as treating infections

A person with dry mouth should pay special attention to oral/dental hygiene. This includes plaque removal and treatment of gingival infections, inflammation, and dental caries. Brushing teeth and flossing regularly is important.

Diagnosis

The doctor or dentist will probably examine the patient’s mouth and review their medical history. Blood tests and imaging scans of the salivary glands may also be ordered.

Sialometry: This is a simple procedure that measures the flow rate of saliva. Collection devices are placed over duct orifices of the saliva glands, and saliva production is stimulated with citric acid.

Saliography: This is a radiographic examination of the salivary glands and ducts. It may be useful in identifying salivary gland stones and masses.

Biopsy: A small sample of salivary gland tissue is taken. Often used in the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome. If malignancy (cancer) is suspected, the doctor may also order a biopsy.

Many doctors report that often, even though the patient complains of severe dry mouth, the oral mucosa appears to be moist. Less frequently, it may be the other way round – the oral mucosa appears dry, but the individual does not complain of dry mouth symptoms.

What is xerostomia?

Dry mouth is sometimes referred to as xerostomia. Experts say that xerostomia is usually caused by inadequate function of the salivary glands. An individual with xerostomia typically finds it harder to enjoy food. Xerostomia is a common problem. It is a frequent side effect of medication, which may improve with a new prescription or an adjustment of dosage.

We all get a dry mouth sometimes – when we are upset, under stress, or extremely frightened. Xerostomia is different – the individual’s mouth is dry most of the time. Some patients may think dry mouth is a normal part of aging, but it is not. It is, however, more commonly found in older adults. Experts say the main reason is that elderly people take more medications compared with the rest of the population, and some of these medications cause xerostomia.

Xerostomia may be a symptom of a serious systemic disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, Parkinson’s, Diabetes, or hypothyroidism. A systemic disease is one that affects the entire body. Dry mouth is not a disease but a symptom of other conditions.

"Medically reviewed by University of Illinois on January 2, 2018 — Written by Tim Newman"